A new research framework evaluates the use of electronic waste and recycled demolition rubble as replacements for natural aggregates in concrete. The study finds that these materials can maintain up to 97% of the compressive strength of conventional concrete while reducing embodied carbon by approximately 13.47 kg of CO2 per ton. While recycled rubble is suitable for structural use, e-waste concrete is recommended for low-load applications like walkways. The framework helps bridge the gap between lab results and site adoption by analyzing mechanical performance, costs, and environmental impact.
