A new study from the United Nations University warns that AI's environmental impact is growing faster than governance frameworks. By 2030, AI could consume as much electricity as Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nigeria combined, and produce up to 400 million tonnes of CO2 annually, roughly matching the UK's current emissions. The report also highlights water and land use. AI infrastructure could require 9.3 trillion litres of water per year, equal to the domestic needs of 1.3 billion people in sub-Saharan Africa, and occupy over 14,500 square kilometers. The UNU calls for greater transparency from tech companies and stronger international cooperation to keep AI development sustainable.
