MIT researchers have developed a computer model that uses topology optimization to design bridges and buildings with significantly less material, reducing carbon emissions from construction. The approach addresses a key gap between optimized designs and real-world buildability by allowing engineers to set constraints like connection limits and minimum part sizes. The model can also combine materials such as timber and steel to balance strength and carbon savings. In tests, the model produced timber-only, steel-only, and mixed-material truss designs for a bridge, showing clear tradeoffs between constructability and environmental impact. The researchers say the software runs on a standard laptop, making it practical for civil engineering firms. They plan to build scaled prototypes to further validate the approach. Construction materials account for over 7 percent of global carbon emissions. This tool could help engineers cut material use by up to 90 percent in some cases, offering a practical path to lower-carbon infrastructure without sacrificing structural integrity.
