Scientists are exploring marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) to pull CO2 from the atmosphere using the ocean's natural capacity for carbon storage. Methods include adding alkaline minerals like limestone to seawater to reduce acidity and enhancing the biological carbon pump through nutrient addition. Accurate measurement is the biggest hurdle for scaling these technologies. Researchers at Duke University are developing mass spectrometers and specialized tools to verify how much carbon is actually stored and to monitor potential ecological disruptions in real time.
