Geopolitical instability in the Middle East has spiked conventional jet fuel prices, narrowing the cost gap between fossil fuels and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). While SAF offers up to 80% emissions reductions by recycling carbon from biomass, supply remains low and heavily dependent on non-EU feedstocks. To solve supply bottlenecks and energy security issues, the industry is looking toward e-SAF, which uses green hydrogen and captured carbon. However, high production costs and expensive renewable power in Europe remain significant hurdles for widespread adoption.
