The revised EU Emissions Trading System is changing the economics of recycling in Europe. While recycled aluminium uses up to 95 percent less energy than primary production, recyclers face rising operational costs as carbon prices impact electricity rates. This policy shift increases demand for secondary raw materials as manufacturers seek to lower their carbon footprints. However, the interplay between the ETS and the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism creates new complexities for material flows and industrial competitiveness.
