How Sea Otters Helped Restore California's Kelp Forests and Reduce Carbon Emissions

The return of sea otters to California's coast in the 1980s after near extinction triggered a chain reaction that restored kelp forests and coastal marshes. Otters prey on sea urchins and crabs, which had been devouring kelp and damaging seagrass. This recovery boosted biodiversity, protected coastlines from flooding, and increased carbon storage. Research shows kelp forests can sequester up to 20 times more carbon per acre than terrestrial forests, and the presence of otters helps maintain these underwater carbon sinks. The story of Elkhorn Slough, now home to about 100 otters, illustrates how predator restoration can have measurable climate benefits. This case highlights the value of nature-based solutions in climate strategy. Protecting and reintroducing keystone species can deliver both environmental and climate gains, making it a model for other conservation efforts.