Ho Chi Minh City is testing circular agriculture models that turn farm waste into feed and fertilizer. A research project led by the University of Agriculture and Forestry used black soldier fly larvae to process organic by-products such as vegetable waste, animal manure, and market waste. The pilot used 60 to 70% by-products in the larval diet, posted a 57.92% average profit margin, and cut carbon emissions by 89.91% compared with composting. A second model used microbial fermented straw in cattle feed. The ration included 95.8% by-products, including straw, soybean meal, and malt dust. Cattle gained more weight, feed conversion improved, economic efficiency rose 14.31%, and emissions dropped about 54.2% versus the control. Both models were piloted on farms in Cu Chi, Hoc Mon, and Binh Chanh, with training for local livestock staff and a draft emissions evaluation method.
