Frontier has signed an $11.7 million carbon removal purchase agreement with 44.01, a company using in-situ mineralization to turn CO2 into rock. The deal covers 20,932 tonnes of CO2 to be removed between 2028 and 2031, and marks Frontier's first offtake for this storage method. 44.01 plans to use the funding to move from field trials to continuous commercial operation. Instead of compressing CO2 for injection into sedimentary basins, 44.01 dissolves captured CO2 in water and injects it into fractured peridotite formations. The rock reacts with the dissolved CO2 to form solid carbonates over one to three years. The company has run five pilots since 2023 and is now testing whether it can maintain injection rates and manage water needs at commercial scale. Suitable rock formations near emission sources could reduce the need for long pipelines, but the 5 billion tonne global storage figure is an estimate, not operational capacity.
