Several countries are advancing petrol-ethanol blending to cut carbon emissions and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. India has rolled out E20 ethanol blend ahead of schedule and is working to secure domestic supply chains. Brazil mandates E27 at the pump and supports flex-fuel vehicles that can run on E100 hydrous ethanol, backed by its sugarcane industry. The United States uses the Renewable Fuel Standard to push E10 and E15 blends, with E85 available for flex-fuel vehicles. Canada's Clean Fuel Regulations target lower carbon intensity, achieving a 10 percent ethanol blend rate, with some provinces mandating higher levels. Thailand promotes E10, E20, and E85 through national fuel programs, while Australia relies on state-level mandates in New South Wales and Queensland, facing retailer resistance. The European Union follows fuel-quality directives with most member states offering E5 or E10 as standard. This overview highlights the varied approaches to ethanol blending and the policy frameworks driving the shift toward cleaner transportation fuels.
