This article breaks down key climate jargon for readers who want a clearer understanding of how emissions are measured and managed. It covers carbon budgets, which set the total CO2 limit to stay within warming targets, and the scopes framework used by companies to report direct and indirect emissions. Scope 1 covers direct emissions from owned sources, scope 2 covers purchased energy, and scope 3 covers the full supply chain. The guide also explains carbon offsets, which let organizations compensate for emissions by funding reductions elsewhere, and leakage, where emission cuts in one area cause increases in another. These concepts are central to corporate reporting, carbon markets, and climate policy. The article is a useful primer for anyone new to the field or needing a refresher on the basics.
