California regulators are debating a plan to provide up to $4 billion in free emissions permits to oil refineries and cement plants. The proposal aims to prevent refinery closures and stabilize fuel prices by lowering the cost of compliance for heavy polluters who commit to cleaner operations. Climate advocates warn that the move could halve the annual revenue generated by the state's carbon market, reducing funds for public transit and wildfire prevention. Critics also argue that free allowances weaken the financial incentive for industries to decarbonize quickly.
