The BRICS New Delhi Declaration devotes 17 paragraphs to trade, and the targets are clear even though no country is named. It criticises unilateral tariffs and the paralysed WTO Appellate Body, which points at the United States, and it calls out carbon border adjustment measures as protectionism under the guise of environmental objectives, which points at the EU CBAM. The declaration also condemns unilateral and secondary sanctions, apparently aimed at US and European measures against Russia and Iran. For anyone tracking carbon markets, the CBAM language matters. Developing countries that export steel, aluminium, cement and fertiliser to the EU see the border carbon tax as a competitiveness threat. BRICS is not offering an alternative carbon pricing framework in this declaration, so the practical question is whether exporters will improve their emissions reporting or wait for diplomatic pushback to change the EU rules.
