Biomass Hydrogen with Carbon Capture: On-Site Power Improves Climate Benefits, South Korean Study Finds

Researchers at Jeonbuk National University in South Korea analyzed a biomass-based hydrogen production system that integrates carbon capture and storage (BECCS). The study, published in Bioresource Technology, compares two configurations: one relying on grid electricity and another generating its own power from biomass and recovered heat. The on-site power system showed significantly greater net-negative greenhouse gas emissions, meaning it removes more CO2 than it releases, under the study's assumptions. The research highlights that hydrogen's climate impact depends heavily on how it is produced and powered. By using sustainably sourced biomass, capturing CO2, and generating electricity on-site, the process can deliver stronger decarbonization benefits. However, the authors note trade-offs, including effects on soil and freshwater ecosystems, and stress the importance of biomass sourcing and production efficiency. This work offers practical guidance for designing future hydrogen plants that aim for carbon-negative outcomes. It underscores the need to evaluate full supply chain emissions and to consider energy supply strategies as key levers for improving environmental performance in hydrogen production.