Australia's alternative fuel pathways: from canola to ammonia for energy security and decarbonization

Australia is exploring multiple alternative fuel pathways to reduce reliance on imported petroleum and cut emissions. The article from Energy Magazine outlines two main routes: biomass-derived fuels like HEFA from canola and gasification of waste, and power-to-liquids using captured CO2 and renewable hydrogen. Each pathway has different maturity levels and scalability challenges. Biomass fuels offer near-term options but are limited by feedstock supply. Power-to-liquids could scale further but need more development and cheap renewable electricity. The piece emphasizes a portfolio approach rather than a single solution, which is practical given the diversity of hard-to-abate sectors like aviation and heavy industry.